Pretoria: The Deputy Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and Environmental Affairs, Bernice Swarts, has emphasized the urgent need to protect and restore South Africa’s ecological infrastructure to bolster the nation’s water security. Swarts highlighted the critical role these ecosystems play in sustaining water supply, particularly those in strategic water source areas.

According to South African Government News Agency, Swarts, speaking at the launch of the 2025 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA), emphasized the persistent challenges faced by aquatic ecosystems over the past two decades. These ecosystems, which occupy just 10% of the land but provide over half of the country’s water, are under severe threat from pollution, invasive species, and altered water flows. Swarts underscored the necessity of urgent actions to secure the ecological infrastructure critical for water security and coastal resilience.

The report further indicates that pressures on terrestrial and marine ecosystems are localized, necessitating strategic investment in restoration efforts. Swarts pointed out that this approach ensures that resources are directed effectively, particularly towards degraded landscapes and vital ecosystems such as wetlands and estuaries. The report also noted that aquatic systems are particularly vulnerable, with freshwater and cartilaginous fish species among the most threatened.

For the first time, the NBA has reported significant declines in species in Namaqualand, attributed to unsustainable land use, illegal harvesting, and climate change. Despite these challenges, Swarts noted some positive developments, including improved protection levels for certain species due to effective conservation programs.

Swarts also highlighted the introduction of global genetic indicators in the NBA, which show early signs of genetic erosion in seemingly stable species. South Africa aims to be at the forefront of reporting on genetic indicators in its upcoming National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, but Swarts stressed the need for ongoing investment to preserve this aspect of the nation’s natural heritage.

The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) plays a crucial role in fulfilling its legislative mandate to report on the country’s biodiversity status and guide environmental governance. Swarts concluded by describing the NBA as a reflection of South Africa’s natural heritage, showcasing both achievements and challenges while guiding sustainable future decisions.